Creatinine is more than just a number on your blood test — it’s a window into your kidney health. While temporary spikes can happen from exercise or diet, persistently high levels may signal chronic ...

Liver function tests can seem overwhelming, but each value offers insight into how well your liver is working. Markers such as AST, ALT, ALP, and bilirubin help identify potential injury, bile flow ...

Abstract: Modern vehicles are complex Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) that operate across diverse environments, where the failure of critical subsystems such as the engine, transmission, brakes, and fuel ...